Zdravstvena njega bolesnika s nuspojavama antipsihotika Nursing care of patients with side effects of antipsychotics
نویسنده
چکیده
Medicinska sestra je stručnjak koja ima najčešće prvi kontakt sa bolesnikom. Tijekom bolesnikove hospitalizacije u najbližem je kontaktu s bolesnikom i njegovom obitelji pa može prva uočiti promjene u zdravstvenom stanju bolesnika i stručnom zdravstvenom timu iznositi svoja opažanja, koja su vrlo važna za daljnje provođenje metoda liječenja [1]. Glavni je zadatak medicinske sestre na području psihofarmakoterapije da bolesniku sa svojim pristupom i načinom rada omogući što veću samostalnost i uvid za potrebe nakon uzimanja terapije. Obrazovanje bolesnika uvelike utječe na bolesnikovo prihvaćanje psihofarmakoterapije, povećava suradnju, poboljšava bolesnikovo raspoloženje i kvalitetu života [2]. Neka istraživanja navode da bi broj relapsa shizofrenije bio tri puta manji kad bi bolesnici uzimaSažetak Antipsihotici predstavljaju važan dio suvremenog liječenja različitih psihotičkih i drugih psihijatrijskih poremećaja. Različite generacije antipsihotika imaju različiti afinitet za pojedine neurotransmiterske sustave, zbog čega stvaraju različite nuspojave, koje uvelike utječu na bolesnikovu suradnju kod liječenja te posljedično na prognozu njegove bolesti. Medicinska je sestra u psihijatriji stručnjak koji provodi najviše vremena zajedno sa duševnim bolesnikom te ima najviše mogućnosti za pravovremeno prepoznavanje i adekvatno interveniranje kod nastalih nuspojava unutar vlastitih kompetencija. Pored velikog teoretskog i praktičkog znanja medicinska sestra mora imati sposobnost stvaranja terapijskog odnosa s bolesnikom i članovima njegove obitelji s namjerom edukacije o načinu smanjenja ili ukljanjanja nastalih nuspojava. Stjecanje adekvatnog znanja i tehnika nošenja s nuspojavama predstavlja za bolesnika važan element za postizanje dugotrajne remisije psihičkog poremećaja. Odnos između medicinske sestre i psihijatrijskog bolesnika koji sadrže poštovanje, iskrenost i povjerljivost omogućuje kvalitetnu i holističku zdravstvenu njegu što predstavlja preduvjet uspješnog tretmana duševnog bolesnika. Medicinska sestra sa svojim znanjem, vještinama i specifičnim pristupom uvelike utječe na bolesnikovo prihvaćanje bolesti i potrebu za liječenjem te s time omogućava bolesniku samostalan i kvalitetan život. Ključne riječi: antipsihotici • nuspojave • zdravstvena njega • medicinska sestra Kratki naslov: Medicinska sestra i antipsihotici Abstract Antipsychotics represent the vital part of modern treatment of varios psychotic and psychiatric disorders. Different genarations of antipsychotichs have different affinity for particular neurotransmission system, as a result they produce various side effects that influence on patient’s cooperation during the treatment and consequently on the prognosis of his illness. In psychiatry the nurse is an expert that is present most of her time together with mentally ill patients and has the most features for the early recognition and proper intervention when side effects show, but all within her own competence. Beside great theoretical and practical knowledge the nurse must have an ability to create a therapeutic relationship with a patient and other members of his family with the intention of education about examples of reducing and removing resulting side effects. Acquisition of knowledge and techniques for managing with side effects represents a vital element for patient’s achievement of long-term remission in mental disorders. The relationship between nurse and psychiatric patients which include respect, honestly and trust provide quality and holistic health care which is a prerequisite of successful treatment. The nurse effects on patient’s acceptance of the disease, manages patient’s independent and quality life and effects on patient’s need for treatment with her knowledge, skills and specific approach.
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